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Each year I put some money into my FSA which will allow me to pay for prescriptions (and other medical costs) tax free. The problem is, you lose any amount not used by the end of the year (or shortly thereafter). Now some places for some reason will let you carry some of it over.

I am wondering, what happens to all the money you don't use? Does the government just take it from you? As an aside, why do some places let you carry some over and some not? I thought it was a federal rule.

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    HSA (Health Savings Account) funds do NOT expire and roll over year to year. Perhaps you mean FSA?
    – Nosjack
    Commented Nov 5, 2019 at 14:02
  • Maybe? Whichever one it is you have to use by the end of the year. I guess FSA. Commented Nov 5, 2019 at 14:06

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So I am wondering, what happens to all the money you don't use?

They go back to your employer, which can use it to decrease administrative costs in future years, increase coverage, or refund it to employees (through a refund would be a taxable event). I believe they have to use the same option for all employees, so you can't, say, request a refund if your employer chooses to use it to decrease costs.

As an aside, why do some places let you carry some over and some not?

FSA providers now have two options: a 2.5 month "grace period" or a $500 rollover option. Depending on which option your FSA allows, you can either roll over $500 from one year to the next, or you can claim expenses incurred through March 15th of the next year.

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  • The IRS rules seem to say that refunds are only allowed for employees called into active military duty. irs.gov/publications/p969#en_US_2018_publink1000204189
    – Nosjack
    Commented Nov 5, 2019 at 14:20
  • @Nosjack Thanks - I believe that's true for individual refunds, but employers can choose to refund the excess to all employees either equally or proportional to their contributions.
    – D Stanley
    Commented Nov 5, 2019 at 14:27
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It appears you are talking about FSAs (Flexible Spending Accounts), rather than HSAs (Health Savings Accounts). An HSA has none of the restrictions you mention.

So I am wondering, what happens to all the money you don't use? Does the government just take it from you?

The employer gets back whatever money you do not use. They often use this money to:

  • Cover the administrative costs of the FSA or other employer payed benefits.
  • Cover the cost of people using FSA funds and then leaving their job early.

why do some places let you carry some over and some not? I thought it was a federal rule.

It is a federal rule, but the employer can choose:

  • Rollover max of $500 to the next year's FSA.
  • Give the employee a grace period of up to two and a half months past the end of the calendar year to use the funds.

The employer can do neither or one of these options, not both.

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