No. TripAdvisor sums this up nicely:
Sales taxes are imposed on merchandise that you take with you from the shop. Unlike VAT schemes, there is no "export" price or system for a refund of the tax if you take the merchandise with you outside of the U.S. However, sales taxes will not be imposed on merchandise that you have shipped back to your home in another country, or in some cases, back to your home or hotel in another U.S. state.
In the United States, sales taxes are imposed at the state, county, and/or city level, so obtaining a refund could entail dealing with quite a few different jurisdictions. Unless you purchased the phone in a jurisdiction that doesn't levy sales tax (some states don't), you're required to pay it.