No. TripAdvisor [sums this up nicely](http://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g191-c1484/United-States:Sales.Tax.html):

> Sales taxes are imposed on merchandise that you take with you from the
> shop. **Unlike VAT schemes, there is no "export" price or system for a
> refund of the tax if you take the merchandise with you outside of the
> U.S.** However, sales taxes will not be imposed on merchandise that you
> have shipped back to your home in another country, or in some cases,
> back to your home or hotel in another U.S. state.

In the United States, sales taxes are [imposed at the state, county, and/or city level](https://help.cbp.gov/app/answers/detail/a_id/373/~/how-to-obtain-a-refund-of-sales-tax-paid-while-visiting-the-united-states), so obtaining a refund could entail dealing with quite a few different jurisdictions. Unless you purchased the phone in a jurisdiction that doesn't levy sales tax (some states don't), you're required to pay it.