Regarding Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA) (https://www.irs.gov)
Q. Who can contribute to a Coverdell ESA?
A. Generally, any individual (including the beneficiary) whose modified adjusted gross income for the year is less than $110,000 ($220,000 in the case of a joint return).
How is the MAGI rule enforced and what is the penalty contributing to a Coverdell and earning over $110k MAGI?