# Is there a catch on this structured derivative product?

I have a friend who is looking at purchasing this derivative product from JPMorgan. It looks more or less like it's pretty difficult to lose ( ie. not do better than investing in a plain s&p index fund), but I'm always very skeptical of these types of claims. I'm wondering what the catch is on this.

In short, the product guarantees 1.45x the upside of either the s&p 500 or the Russell 2000, whichever is lower. On the downside, your principle is completely protected until it (the lower of the two indices) falls to -50% at which point you don't get back 50% of your original investment and so on until your investment hits 0%. Here are the hypothetical returns:

I thought of a couple of risks but don't really get why they should cause the returns to be this high. I'll list them (mostly gotten from the "Selected Risks Considerations") and why I think that they're not a problem:

1. You are only getting 1.45x the lower of either the s&p500 or the Russell 2000. I don't really think that this would be enough to make a significant difference. Comparing the two, they seem to move somewhat together (besides for the tech bubble, but that was a pretty unique situation where smaller cap companies were being bid up), so I wouldn't expect to do worse than an s&p 500 index fund because of that. Basically, I think that 1.45x the lower index will at least equal the other index (and more likely than not, surpass it). Here's a chart comparing them:
2. Lack of liquidity. This friend is not planning on needing the money in the next 5 years anyway. Wherever the money is going to be placed is where it will be for the next 5 years and he is not looking for the best possible investment at every second. Also, the premium for this illiquidity doesn't seem (without clearly measuring it) like it would be enough to justify the 1.45x.
3. It's subject to the credit risk of JPMorgan Financial Company LLC. JPMorgan Financial Company LLC has a credit rating of A3 from Moody's, so them defaulting is not such a large concern to me. Again, it doesn't seem to justify the returns being offered.
4. No dividends. The s&p 500 has a dividend yield in the range of 2% and the Russell 2000 has one ~1.5%. This doesn't seem like it would be enough to make a difference either and certainly wouldn't justify the 1.45x.

Is there a catch here? It seems like it should be possible to beat the market without taking on significantly more risk, but everything that I know tells me that this is very unlikely. Is the risk just a combination of the above factors or is there something else that I'm missing? Should he invest in this (long term) over an index fund?

• Structured products of this sort have been around for over 20 years now. Typically they buy zero coupon treasuries whose maturity price makes up the $1000 initial investment price and then use the surplus funds to purchase derivatives that provide the leveraging to make up the 1.45 times return. Originally they offered 2 times or better multiples but now interest rates are so low they have shrunk to 1.45 times. The risks are pretty much as you have described them. – Nick R Mar 7 '17 at 4:03 • @NickR that should be an answer not a comment, and it would get some upvotes. – Pete B. Mar 7 '17 at 12:53 • @DStanley, I'm pretty sure he means 1.45x the lower will probably still be greater than 1x the higher, so you'd still be better off than if you conventionally invested in the "winning" index. – pwcnorthrop Mar 7 '17 at 15:29 • @pwcnorthrop ok that makes sense. – D Stanley Mar 7 '17 at 15:32 ## 1 Answer This type of structured product is called a capital protection product. It's like an insurance product - where you give up some upside for protection against losses in certain cases. From the bank's perspective they take your investment, treat it as an "interest-free loan" and buy derivatives (like options) that give them an expected return greater then They make their money: • When one index performs significantly better then the other (since they pay you for the lower index) • by not paying you the dividends on the underlying stocks • by using your money to leverage the investment, magnifying gains (and losses) • by not having to pay interest on the borrowed money • by offsetting losses in one product by gains in another product sold to someone else With this product, you are giving up some potential upside in order to protect against losses (other than catastrophic losses if the lower index drops by 50% or more). What's the catch? There's not really a catch. It's a lot like insurance, you might come out ahead (e.g. if the market goes down less than 50%), but you might also give up some upside. The bank will sell enough of these in various flavors to reduce their risk overall (losses in your product will be covered by gains in another). Note that this product won't necessarily sell for$1,000. You might have to pay $1,100 (or$1,005, or whatever the bank can get people to buy them for) for each note whenever it's released. That's where the gain or loss comes into play. If you pay $1,100 but only get$1,000 back because the index didn't go up (or went down) you'd have a net loss of $100. It's subtle, but it is in the prospectus: The estimated value of the notes is only an estimate determined by reference to several factors. The original issue price of the notes will exceed the estimated value of the notes because costs associated with selling, structuring and hedging the notes are included in the original issue price of the notes. These costs include the selling commissions, the projected profits, if any, that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes and the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes. • Given the downside protection, more perceived than real, under what condition does the investor come out behind? It seems only in a flat market, where they lose the dividend. Break even at the point where the 1.45 covers that difference. – JoeTaxpayer Mar 7 '17 at 17:14 • @JoeTaxpayer The loss will be determined by the price paid for these notes. It may cost you$1,100 to buy a $1,000 "note". I added that part to my answer. – D Stanley Mar 7 '17 at 17:51 • And @JoeTaxpayer I'd imagine these are not FDIC protected and have the potential to be wiped off the books in a bank failure setting, which could be either your institution failing or the counterparty to some/all of the derivatives held failing to make good. – quid Mar 7 '17 at 18:07 • That last point that you make about it not selling for$1,000 is a really good find. They say that you can get as little as $930 for a$1,000 investment. That's effectively a 7% load on this investment. This combined with the other issues, makes this really questionable. – David Mar 8 '17 at 1:37
• @David I wouldn't say it's "questionable". It's just the amount you should expect to pay for that risk profile. It's not that much different than buying a \$1,000 bond for more or less than face value depending on the amount of interest and the risk of default. You do need to keep in mind that there are fees, commissions, etc. built-in, so the profit potential does lean toward the bank. But that doesn't make it a shady deal. – D Stanley Mar 8 '17 at 3:20