How can I realistically compare the Cost of Living for two locations?

Question

I've recently applied for a position with a company and I think I have a fair shot at getting a job. If hired, I should have the option to move to one of two locations.

However, I'm having a tough time evaluating what the cost of living adjustment will be for my family if we were to move to either location. I know that there are many online comparison calculators (i.e. BankRate, BestPlaces.net, etc.) but, IMHO, these seem a bit too generalized. You select two locations, plug in your current salary and they output "How much you need to earn in city X."

It can't be (and I won't believe) that CoL comparison is that simple. Each person (or family) has their own set of circumstances around their lives that affect their CoL. Furthermore, I think some of the CoL metrics can be skewed if a certain region (especially certain rural communities) contain REALLY expensive properties that tend to elevate the average home price.

My question is simple. How does one effectively gauge cost-of-living when considering a move, beyond the simple online calculators that are available everywhere? Is there anything else that I can do when trying to make the most informed decision for my family?

Answer 1

I've experienced the same problem on separate occasions and I agree that most cost of living calculators have not come close to being accurate. A few methods I use:

1. Take an average of 3 - 5 of them and use it as an "overall idea" even though, as we both agree, these are limited. Still, it provides an idea and doesn't have to be perfectly accurate. Unless the cities are close to being the same cost of living, one city that averages a 30% higher price will more than likely be more expensive.

2. Take inventory of what your biggest five expenses are now. For instance, if housing is one, do a comparison of how much housing will cost in the two cities for the same size and distance from your job (keep commute time in mind). The internet allows you to easily search for real estate prices (if owning) or contacting apartments or landlords (if renting). You can do the same for other big expenses, let's say if gasoline was a huge cost - some cities can differ in gas prices. Call the local gas stations. Note: outside of the big five expenses, the other's might not matter as much. Some expenses can be obtained through the internet, so location matters very little (unless the shipping costs drastically differ).

3. Ask your network. If you have friends in both cities, ask them. If you don't, ask colleagues on LinkedIn or another professional network. People at these places are always willing to help, especially if you don't know anything about the two cities. You might even find people who've lived in both cities and they may be able to warn you, "Hey, keep this in mind ..."

4. Finally, you could do an average of all the methods - though this would be more extensive. Depending on how far off you think the online calculators are (I've found they're usually off by about 15%), this may be worth it relative to your family's expenses.

Answer 2

The Bureau of Labor Statistics spends a few billion each year on a "secret shopper" program; every few weeks, one of their people walks into a store with a shopping list, more or less, and writes down the prices of this "basket" of goods at the store. Other agents do the same thing at other stores on other days, and the results are input into a huge data farm that spits out various statistical breakdowns, including the overall number, the Consumer Price Index. This data is available for specific regions, including major metro areas, and can be easily viewed here.

This data is pretty much the best we have available to use to determine the relative "cost of living" in various parts of the U.S.. If your current and probable destinations are listed by name (or close enough), you can look at the various categories and compare relative costs to compute a percentage difference.

Most "cost-of-living" calculators do this very generally, based on relative average CPI numbers between the two metro areas. If the overall percentage difference in CPI between Dallas and Denver is 3%, they'll say it's 3% more or less expensive. You can do better, by going down the list of your own monthly expenses and looking up the numbers in the two metro areas for each of them and computing the real price difference, then weighting those differences by the portion of your budget you'd typically spend on them. For instance, there's an entire section on tobacco that figures into the overall average; if you don't smoke, it doesn't apply to you, but a pack-a-day smoker would be very interested to see the difference between, say, Atlanta (virtually no state excise taxes) and NYNY ($4/pack in state taxes).

One major thing you may want to consider separately from any government number is home prices. The CPI simply cannot be calculated at a granular enough level to really take variations between neighborhoods of a metro area into account. For that, I'd be looking at numbers on real estate sites, trying to find "comparables"; homes with similar construction, age, sqft, beds/baths, amenities, etc in neighborhoods of similar demographic makeup. These can vary widely; in DFW, I bought a 1675 sqft 1 1/2 story for about $140k. My brother in Pittsburgh is looking for a similar home and finding prices at about the quarter-million mark (of course a two-story in Pittsburgh will have a basement, which will increase price but not affect other stats like square footage unless it's been finished).

And don't forget taxes; states all make their cut in different ways, and those taxes don't always show up in CPI numbers (excise taxes usually do because they are included in the sticker price of specific goods like gas, tobacco or trans fats, but sales/use taxes are usually not counted because they are applied very generally to the subtotal of your shopping list). The three main taxes will be income, property and sales/use; most jurisdictions will use two out of three, and these will compound between state and local. They usually don't differ inside metropolitan areas, but they can, and they can vary widely between regions of the same state and between towns on opposite sides of a state line that are geographically close.

Answer 3

Take a look at http://expatistan.com. Although it isn't a silver bullet, it may help you in your research.